Animal diseases, epidemics

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Influenza (Bird flu) Actuality:

 

Impact of Avian Influenza on Smallholder Poultry Production

A workshop entitled "Impact of Avian Influenza on Smallholder Poultry Production in West Africa - the Need for Collaborative Regional Action" was held in Tamale, Northern Ghana, on 12-14 Sept 2006.

The workshop was the outcome of fruitful collaboration between the Network for Smallholder Poultry Development, the newly formalised "West African Network for the promotion of Short Cycle Animals in rural areas" (WANSCA) and, not least, the Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation ACP-EU (CTA).

We are happy to inform that the proceedings of the workshop have now ben finalised and may be found on the website at
http://www.poultry.kvl.dk/Information_resources/Workshop_proceedings.aspx

 

Quite a different report to the Bird Flu problem from GRAIN

GRAIN collects dates and facts, telling that not the small-scale farmers all over the world are the great risk in the bird flue affair, but the poultry megafarms, where the virus can develop and expand on regular and irregular merchant routes.... Report available in English, German, French or Spanish:

GRAIN_bird_flue_crisis.pdf
GRAIN_Vogelgrippe_deutsch.pdf
GRAIN_grippe_francais.pdf
GRAIN_gripe_aviar_espanol.pdf

See also the GRAIN "What's new" for Bird Flu page: http://www.grain.org/m/?id=84

 

Newsflash

October 10, 2008:
Please be kindly informed that FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 165 entitled „BIOSECURITY FOR HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA: Issues and options" has just been published :
ftp://ext-ftp.fao.org/AG/Data/Upload/ANGR/DAD-Net/Biosecurity_HPAI.pdf (420KB)

EU: Agriculture News Digest N° 185, 18 April 2008
Standing Committee approves modified rules on movement of animals in an effort to control Bluetongue:
http://ec.europa.eu/food/animal/diseases/controlmeasures/bluetongue_en.htm

March 2, 2006
The EU Commission is currently working on a discussion paper on the application of vaccination of poultry against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in the EU. This includes an overview of the issue, and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of vaccination.
discussion_paper.pdf

December 4, 2005:
The total numbers of H5 outbreaks in poultry in 16 countries since the start of the panzootic in Dec 2003, are shown in a graph on OIE web-site:
http://oie.int/downld/AVIAN%20INFLUENZA/graph%20HPAI%2001122005.pdf

Bird flu update December 05 (PDF-download 12 KB): Bird flu update December 05.pdf

 

Letter to the EU Council and national Ministers of Agriculture (November 9th, 2005): 
Letter to Council.pdf (download 60 KB)

 

December 14, 2005:
Conclusions of Chief Medical Officers and Chief Veterinary Officers meeting

Conclusions and recommendations from the meeting of European Chief Medical Officers (CMOs) and Chief Veterinary Officers (CVOs), which was hosted by the Commission in Brussels this week, are now online. The aim of this second meeting of EU medical and veterinary experts was to look at how measures to address the threat of avian influenza and possible human pandemic influenza could be improved. Among the recommended actions put forward by the CMOs and CVOs yesterday were:

  • Awareness campaigns on detecting and dealing with avian influenza for all poultry keepers
  • Continued coordinated efforts between the Commission and MemberStates in addressing the threats of avian and human influenza, to ensure that the most appropriate response is taken immediately in line with developments in the situation
  • The improvement of EU and national preparedness plans in line with the recent Commission Communications on generic and pandemic influenza preparedness, taking into account lesson learned through the pandemic simulation exercise carried out at the end of November
  • Further support for research and technological development with the aim of increasing knowledge on avian and human influenza and building up effective tools to tackle them
  • Sustained efforts by the Commission to help in coordinating a global response to avian influenza and a possible human pandemic, as well as providing assistance to affected and at-risk developing countries.

The meeting also discussed and endorsed guidelines on the protection of poultry workers against avian influenza (AI), put forward by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).

For the full conclusions of the meeting, see:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/animal/diseases/controlmeasures/avian/index_en.htm

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The Possibilities of Rare Breed Organisations:

The recent Directives of the EU contain special provisions for zoo's, wild parks and purposes related to the conservation of endangered species or farm animal genetic resources. For officially registered rare breeds on premises that have been identified in advance as breeding nucleus of animals indispensable for the survival of a breed, the competent authority of a member state may decide to apply the special measures including protective vaccination in stead of culling of the animals. However, these special provisions together with the basic contagious disease control strategies have to be laid down in a "Contingency Plan". Most member states discuss these contingency plans with directly concerned stakeholders, but no official obligation exists to communicate on these.

European rare breed organisations that have not been involved in the discussions leading to the Contingency Plans should:

  • ask the competent authority of their country to publish the existing contingency plans
  • verify whether special measures for rare breeds have been included
  • get involved in the discussion of (future) contingency plans.

Furthermore rare breed organisations have to take care that:

  • the breeds they care for, are officially registered and recognised by the member state as important for the conservation of farm animal genetic resources and that these animals are properly identified
  • the premises these breeds live on, are certified in advance with the local competent authority
  • in case of an outbreak special measures, i.e. saving these breeds as much as possible should be applied.

By way of an example, one can refer to the British contingency plan on FMD which DEFRA put on the internet:
http://www.defra.gov.uk/footandmouth/contingency/contplan.pdf

 

FAO actualities on Avian Influenza (Bird flu)

FAO actual information site, regularely updated:
http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/special_avian.html

FAO Avian Influenza Bulletin:
http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/avian_update.html

 

Informationen zur Vogelgrippe in deutscher Sprache

Das deutsche Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz unterhält eine Website mit laufend aktualisierten Informationen zum Thema Vogelgrippe:
http://www.bmelv.de/DE/07-SchutzderTiere/Tierseuchen/Vogelgrippe/GefluegelpestVerordnungen.html  

 

 

Regulations in the European Union:

Avian Influenza (Bird flu)

AI Informationportal of the Commissioner for Health and Consumer Protection:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/health_consumer/dyna/influenza/index.cfm


COPA_chronology_27_10_05.pdf

Council Directive 92/40/EEC of 19 May 1992
introducing Community measures for the control of avian influenza (Consolidated text)
http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/consleg/pdf/1992/en_1992L0040_do_001.pdf

Proposal for a new Council Directive on Community measures for the control of Avian Influenza (28/04/2005)
http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/animal/diseases/controlmeasures/avian/directive_avian_en.pdf
http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/animal/diseases/controlmeasures/avian/directive_avian_annexe_en.pdf

 

Information on BSE

http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/bse/index_en.html (english)
http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/bse/index_de.html (deutsch)

Listing of Community legislation on BSE (since 1989)
http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/bse/bse15_en.pdf

Revision of TSE testing in sheep and goats
http://europa.eu.int/rapid/start/cgi/guesten.ksh?p_action.gettxt=gt&doc=IP/03/1793|0|RAPID&lg=EN&display=
19/12/2003 - The Commission has adopted an amendment to the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) Regulation, easing the heightened level of testing for TSEs in sheep and goats in the EU. TSEs are a family of diseases characterised by a degeneration of brain tissue which include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and scrapie in sheep. Testing was introduced in 2002 to provide more information on the level of TSEs in the EU sheep and goat population. This target has now been achieved and future surveillance will be focused on specific target groups

 

Foot-and-Mouth disease:

Council Directive allowing "emergency vaccination without subsequent killing" in case of an outbreak of FMD, which is quite important for rare breeds:
EU directive FMD 030929.pdf
Council Directive 2003/85/EC of 29 september 2003 on Community measures for the control of foot-and-mouth disease repealing Directive 85/511/EEC and Decision 89/531/EEC and 91/665/EEC and amending Directive 92/46/EEC

International Conference on Control and Prevention of Foot and Mouth Disease, Brussels 12-12 December 2001, Final Report
http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/animal/diseases/resources/fmd_conf_%20final_rep_12-2001.pdf

DEFRA Foot and Mouth Disease Contingency Plan
http://www.defra.gov.uk/footandmouth/contingency/contplan.pdf

 

Classical Swine Fever

Council Directive 2001/89/EC of 23 October 2001
on Community measures for the control of classical swine fever (Consolidated text)
http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/consleg/pdf/2001/en_2001L0089_do_001.pdf

 

Scrapie disease:

Change of EC 999/2001 (English version)
EC_999_2001_E.pdf PDF file 268 KB)
Consolidated text produced by the Consleg System of the Office for Official Publications of the European Commission: Consleg: 2001R0999 -01/10/2003 Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 2001

Änderung der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 999/2001(deutsche Version)
EG_999_2001_D.pdf (PDF-Datei 58 KB)
Vorschlag für eine Entscheidung der Kommission für die Etablierung eines Scrapie-Resistenzzuchtprogrammes
Entwurf einer Verordnung der Kommission zur Änderung der Anhänge II, V, VII, VIII und IX der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 999/2001 des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates hin-sichtlich der Einstufung von Ländern, der Entfernung spezifizierten Risikomaterials, der Tilgung der transmissiblen spongiformen Enzephalopathie, der Regeln für das Inverkehrbringen, die Ausfuhr und Einfuhr von lebenden Tieren und Erzeugnissen tierischen Ursprungs (Dok. SANCO/1802/2002 Rev. 4) und Entwurf einer Entscheidung der Kommission für die Etablierung eines Scrapie-Resistenzzuchtprogrammes (Dok. SANCO/1803/2002 Rev. 4)

Report on the Monitoring and Testing of Ruminants for the Presence of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) in 2002 (June 2003):
EU annual TSE report 02.pdf (PDF file, Download 2.4 MB !!!)

Commission Decision of 18 December 2002 laying down minimum requirements for a survey of prion genotypes of sheep breeds. 2002/1003/EC
EU genotyping 021218.pdf

Commission Decision of 13 February 2003 laying down minimum requirements of breeding prgrammes for resistance to transmissible spongiform encephalopathyies in sheep. 2003/100/EC
EU breeding program 030213.pdf

Commission Regulation (EC) No 206/2003 of February 2003 amending Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the eradication of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in ovine and caprine animals and rules for the trade in live ovine and caprine animals and bovine embryos
EU culling 2003.pdf

 

Information in General

Animal Disease Notification System:
The ADNS application is a notification system that has as its main purpose the registration and documentation of certain important infectious animal diseases. It is mainly a management tool that ensures detailed information about outbreaks of these animal diseases in the countries that are connected to the application. This permits immediate access to information about contagious animal disease outbreaks and ensures that trade in live animals and products of animal origin is not affected unnecessarily.
http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/animal/diseases/adns/index_en.htm
ADNS is a system not directly related with food safety and it has no impact on public health.

Conference on Animal Disease Control, Brussels 15-16 December 2004: recommendations:
http://www9.minlnv.nl/servlet/page?_pageid=100&_dad=portal30&_schema=PORTAL30&p_item_id=97120
The link concerns the recommendations formulated at the end of the Conference. Especially interesting are points 2, 7, 8, 11 and 12

Diagnostic Techniques and Vaccines for Foot-and-Mouth disease, Classical Swine Fever, Avian Influenza and some other important OIE List A diseases
http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/scah/out93_en.pdf

Terrestrial Animal Health Code (2004) Office Internationale des Epizooties
http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mcode/en_sommaire.htm

OIE International Conference on the Control of Infectious Animal Diseases by Vaccination
Buenos Aires, April 13-16, 2004. Conclusions and Recommendations
http://www.vetscite.org/publish/items/001765/

Animal disease control: Council adopts eartagging for sheep and goats
http://europa.eu.int/rapid/start/cgi/guesten.ksh?p_action.gettxt=gt&doc=IP/03/1761|0|RAPID&lg=EN&display=
17/12/2003 - The Council of Ministers has adopted a Regulation on the identification and registration of sheep and goats as part of its ongoing efforts to prevent the spread of animal diseases. Stopping animal disease epidemics requires quick action. To do this it must be possible to quickly determine an animal's place of origin and its movements throughout the EU. The Regulation will reinforce current measures, specifically by gradually introducing in all Member States an identification system to mark each animal, making it possible to trace the individual movements of sheep and goats.

ADNS (Animal Disease Notifacation System)
http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/animal/diseases/adns/adns_2004.pdf

 

 

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10-10, 08